Compare Burundi (2008) - San Marino (2007)

Compare Burundi (2008) z San Marino (2007)

	Burundi (2008)	San Marino (2007)

Administrative divisions	17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rurale, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure	0-14 years: 46.3% (male 1,951,879/female 1,930,371) 15-64 years: 51.2% (male 2,131,759/female 2,162,093) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 85,522/female 128,881) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,573/female 2,404) 15-64 years: 66.1% (male 9,388/female 10,178) 65 years and over: 17.1% (male 2,190/female 2,882) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports	8 (2007)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	-
Area	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country's last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges.	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate	41.97 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	9.89 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $259.4 million expenditures: $331.8 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)	revenues: $709.6 million expenditures: $672.3 million (2004)
Capital	name: Bujumbura geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: San Marino geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Death rate	13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$1.2 billion (2003)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Celestin NIYONGABO chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu
Disputes - international	conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces have abated somewhat in the Great Lakes region; UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) completed its mandate in December 2006 after a three-year peace-keeping mission	none
Economic aid - recipient	$365 million (2005)	$NA
Economy - overview	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with more than 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Burundi grew about 5% annually in 2006, but GDP growth probably fell to under 4% in 2007. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. Burundi will continue to remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors; the delay of funds after a corruption scandal cut off bilateral aid in 2007 reduced government's revenues and its ability to pay salaries.	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption	161.4 million kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	34 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2005)	-
Electricity - production	137 million kWh (2005)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000	Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,065 (2007), 1,030 (2006), 1,138 (2005), 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003)	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 November 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 February 2007) head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 November 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 February 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term (eligible for a second term); note - the constitution adopted in February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the parliament; vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president by the parliament by a vote of 151 to 9; note - the constitution adopted in February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the legislature	chief of state: Cochiefs of State Captain Regent Mirko TOMASSONI and Captain Regent Alberto SELVA (for the period 1 October 2007-31 March 2008) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011) election results: Mirko TOMASSONI and Alberto SELVA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	$1.291 billion (2004)
Exports - commodities	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners	Switzerland 33.7%, UK 12.2%, Pakistan 8.5%, Rwanda 5.3%, Egypt 4.2% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 44.9% industry: 20.9% services: 34.1% (2006 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	5.5% (2007 est.)	4.6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 30 S, 30 00 E	43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 32.8% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	2,687 bbl/day (2004)	$2.035 billion (2004)
Imports - commodities	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 12.6%, Kenya 8.2%, Japan 7.8%, Russia 4.7%, UK 4.6%, France 4.4%, China 4.4% (2006)	-
Independence	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)	3 September AD 301
Industrial production growth rate	7.5% (2007 est.)	5.6% (2005 est.)
Industries	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate	total: 61.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 68.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 54.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7% (2007 est.)	-1.5% (2006)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Irrigated land	210 sq km (2003)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force	2.99 million (2002)	20,470 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 93.6% industry: 2.3% services: 4.1% (2002 est.)	agriculture: 0.2% industry: 40.1% services: 59.7% (2006 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use	arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2005)
Languages	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)	Italian
Legal system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) elections: National Assembly - last held 4 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010); Senate - last held 29 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 58.6%, FRODEBU 21.7%, UPRONA 7.2%, CNDD 4.1%, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2.1%, others 6.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 59, FRODEBU 25, UPRONA 10, CNDD 4, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 30, FRODEBU 3, CNDD 1	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats 31.9%, APDS 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%, other parties 9.2%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, APDS 7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, others 4
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 51.29 years male: 50.48 years female: 52.12 years (2007 est.)	total population: 81.8 years male: 78.33 years female: 85.57 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 59.3% male: 67.3% female: 52.2% (2000 est.)	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95%
Location	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references	Africa	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Italy
Military branches	National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing) (2008)	no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.9% (2006 est.)	NA
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)
Nationality	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, drought	NA
Natural resources	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone	building stone
Net migration rate	7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	10.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI]; New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	8,390,505 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)	29,615 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (2002 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	3.593% (2007 est.)	1.219% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.011 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.664 male(s)/female total population: 0.988 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.922 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.915 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal (adult)	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system; telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at a meager 2 per 100 persons domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2007)	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use	31,100 (2005)	21,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	153,000 (2005)	17,390 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains	rugged mountains
Total fertility rate	6.48 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.34 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	3.8% (2004)
Waterways	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2005)	-

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